SAMSON BEN ISAAC OF CHINON
- SAMSON BEN ISAAC OF CHINON
- SAMSON BEN ISAAC OF CHINON (14th century), one of
the last French tosafists. Samson was nevertheless the first tosafist to
write a work on talmudic methodology, Sefer Keritut. In it he
incorporated the whole of the methodological material embodied in the
tosafot literature. The first four parts of the book deal
with the hermeneutical rules, with the chronology of the
tannaim and amoraim, and with the principles on
which the halakhah is decided in cases of difference of
opinion. The fifth part, Leshon Limmudim, which is also the
most comprehensive, deals with the methods of talmudic hermeneutics, and
with the methods of the Mishnah, baraita, and Talmud. In the
course of his presentation Samson enters into detailed discussion, in
the manner of the tosafists, maintaining that from such discussion there
emerge more principles and methodological rules. Early methodological
works, such as Seder Tanna'im ve-Amora'im and the letter of
Sherira Gaon, served Samson chiefly for the first four chapters, the
last chapter, his main work, being based entirely on the tosafists. The
work shows little originality, but its main importance lies in the
systematic assembly of the material and the manner in which he clarifies
it. The Sefer Keritut was first published in Constantinople
in 1515 and has been frequently republished, together with commentaries
by various scholars, among them Jacob Ḥagiz . In his work Samson
speaks of having written tosafot on the Talmud, but none of
these is extant. In the responsa of isaac b. sheshet (no. 157)
Samson is reported, in the name of Perez b. Isaac ha-Kohen, to have
opposed Kabbalah and the doctrine of the sefirot , saying: "I pray
childlike." Isaac b. Sheshet referred to him as the "greatest rabbi of
his generation."
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Urbach, Tosafot, index; Renan, Rabbins, 461–4; Samson ben Isaac of
Chinon, Sefer Keritut, ed. by Y.Z. Roth (1961), 8–10.
(Israel Moses Ta-Shma)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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